Tiles are versatile surface materials classified by material, format, performance, design, sustainability, and installation factors. Understanding all types of tiles helps buyers, architects, and designers choose the correct option for function, durability, and aesthetics.
By material, tiles include ceramic, porcelain, vitrified, glass, cement, natural stone, terracotta, quarry, composite, and recycled options. By size and shape, classifications range from mosaics to large slabs, with formats such as square, rectangle, hexagon, chevron, and custom cuts. By use and placement, categories include floor, wall, backsplash, outdoor, bathroom, shower, pool, and commercial heavy-duty tiles.
By finish and surface treatment, tiles are glossy, matte, textured, polished, glazed, nano-coated, UV-protected, scratch-resistant, or unglazed. By design and style, categories include patterned, geometric, encaustic, marble-look, wood-look, modern minimal, Victorian, Art Deco, and cultural regional styles. By colour and tone, options span light, dark, monochrome, multicolour, and gradient effects. By printing and surface technology, choices include digital printing, 3D textures, murals, and custom designs.
By structural properties, tiles are grouped by thickness, edge type, joint and grout style, modularity, placement orientation, and assembly system such as interlocking, click-lock, puzzle, or snap-on. By durability and performance, tiles vary in load-bearing capacity, abrasion resistance (PEI ratings), slip resistance (R-ratings), fire safety, impact strength, and climate suitability such as frost-resistant, moisture-resistant, heat-resistant, or cool surface types.
By sustainability, classifications include eco-certified, recycled, low-VOC, and energy-efficient tiles. By manufacturing origin, categories include handmade artisanal tiles, machine-made tiles, recycled-material tiles, and emerging 3D-printed tiles. By certification and standards, tiles follow ISO, ANSI, CE, and LEED benchmarks. By maintenance and lifespan, some require high care while others are low-maintenance with extended durability.
By cultural and psychological context, tiles are identified as calming (blue, green, matte), luxurious (marble, polished porcelain), bold (patterned, metallic), natural warm (wood-look, terracotta), and creative or artistic (mosaics, murals). By historical style, they reflect Roman, Byzantine, Islamic, Victorian, and modernist influences. By lighting effect, they are high-gloss reflective, satin low-sheen, or anti-glare matte. By porosity and breathability, tiles range from non-porous vitrified to open-porous terracotta.
This complete classification provides a structured framework covering all functional, technical, aesthetic, and cultural dimensions of tiles, enabling informed decisions across residential, commercial, and industrial projects.
What are the Main Types of Tiles?
The main types of tiles are ceramic tiles, porcelain tiles, natural stone tiles, glass tiles, cement tiles, and mosaic tiles. Ceramic and porcelain are the most widely used worldwide, with ceramic covering about 55% of global tile consumption according to data from the Ceramic World Review 2023. Porcelain is denser and more durable, making it suitable for high-traffic areas. Natural stone tiles, including marble, granite, and slate, are used for premium finishes and long lifespans. Glass tiles are valued for reflective surfaces in kitchens and bathrooms. Cement tiles are known for handcrafted patterns and durability in outdoor and indoor projects. Mosaic tiles, made from smaller pieces of ceramic, glass, or stone, are used for decorative detail. Together these six categories define the core tile classifications used in UK and international projects.
Before exploring individual characteristics, tile types can be categorised by material, size, shape, finish, and application. Let us delve deeper into each tile category to understand their unique properties and uses.
What are the Types of Tiles by Material?
The main types of tiles by material are ceramic tiles, porcelain tiles, natural stone tiles, glass tiles, cement tiles, and metal tiles. Each material offers unique characteristics that determine durability, application, and design suitability in UK residential and commercial projects.
Ceramic Tiles
Ceramic tiles are clay-based tiles fired at lower temperatures than porcelain, making them lightweight and affordable. According to the British Ceramic Confederation, ceramic tiles are the most widely used tile material in the UK due to versatility in wall and floor applications. Glazed ceramic tiles provide water resistance, while unglazed options offer natural textures.
Porcelain Tiles
Porcelain tiles are dense clay tiles fired at high temperatures, making them harder and more durable than ceramic. Data from the Tile Council of North America shows porcelain absorbs less than 0.5% of water, making it ideal for bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoor flooring. Porcelain is also available in polished, glazed, and full-body varieties.
Natural Stone Tiles
Natural stone tiles are tiles cut from natural rock, including marble, granite, limestone, and slate. Marble tiles are valued for luxury finishes, granite for strength, slate for rustic textures, and limestone for neutral tones. According to the Geological Society of London, stone density and porosity influence suitability, with granite lasting over 50 years in flooring.
Glass Tiles
Glass tiles are non-porous tiles made from silica-based glass, offering reflective and water-resistant surfaces. They are commonly used for splashbacks, shower walls, and decorative borders. Research from the Glass Research Society highlights glass as 100% recyclable, adding sustainable value. Small glass mosaics enhance visual depth in kitchens and bathrooms.
Cement Tiles
Cement tiles are handmade tiles produced with a mixture of cement, sand, and mineral pigments pressed into moulds. Originating in the 19th century, cement tiles remain popular for patterned floors and outdoor courtyards. According to the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), cement tiles are highly durable and retain vibrant colours for decades.
Metal Tiles
Metal tiles are decorative tiles made from stainless steel, copper, or aluminium, mainly used as accents. They are applied in modern kitchens, commercial interiors, and high-end feature walls. Stainless steel provides corrosion resistance, while copper and brass develop natural patinas over time.
What are the Types of Tiles by Size & Format?
The types of tiles by size and format are small format tiles, standard format tiles, large format tiles, and extra-large format tiles. Tile size defines grout line distribution, room scale perception, and installation suitability in UK residential and commercial construction.
Small Format Tiles
Small format tiles are tiles below 150 mm per side. They are used in mosaics, splashbacks, and shower areas. Increased grout joint density improves slip resistance in wet zones but requires additional maintenance. Small format tiles emphasise detail and decorative patterning.
Standard Format Tiles
Standard format tiles are tiles between 150 mm and 300 mm. They represent the traditional category for wall and floor coverage. Standard format tiles achieve balanced proportions in most room dimensions and remain the most widely adopted tile size in domestic interiors.
Large Format Tiles
Large format tiles are tiles between 600 mm and 900 mm. They reduce grout line visibility by up to 35% compared to smaller tiles, producing seamless visual continuity. Large format tiles expand spatial perception and are common in living areas and commercial flooring.
Extra-Large Format Tiles
Extra-large format tiles are tiles above 900 mm in length, extending in some cases beyond 1600 mm. Fewer joints increase hygiene by limiting microbial accumulation and simplify maintenance. Extra-large format tiles provide uninterrupted surfaces often used in kitchens, bathrooms, and open-plan interiors.
What are the Types of Tiles by Shape?
The types of tiles by shape are square tiles, rectangular tiles, hexagonal tiles, metro tiles, arabesque tiles, and chevron tiles. Tile shape determines layout pattern, symmetry, and spatial rhythm in both wall and floor applications.
Square Tiles
Square tiles are geometric tiles with equal side lengths, commonly available in 150 mm, 300 mm, and 600 mm. Square format provides structural balance, forming the base standard in global tile sizing. Square tiles represent over 45% of traditional tile installations in the UK residential sector.
Rectangular Tiles
Rectangular tiles are elongated tiles with length greater than width, creating directional layouts. Patterns such as herringbone, brick bond, and plank effects are enabled through rectangular proportions. Dimensions range from 75 × 150 mm metro forms to 1200 mm plank forms.
Hexagonal Tiles
Hexagonal tiles are six-sided polygon tiles that produce honeycomb tessellations. Variable colour arrangement generates geometric depth. According to the Architectural Design Review (2019), hexagonal tiles are especially frequent in bathroom floors due to interlocking strength and slip performance.
Metro Tiles
Metro tiles are rectangular subway-style tiles sized approximately 75 × 150 mm. The style originates from London Underground tiling in the early 20th century. Metro tiles are arranged in offset or stacked bonds, creating visual repetition suitable for kitchen and bathroom walls.
Arabesque Tiles
Arabesque tiles are ornamental tiles with interlaced curved forms derived from Islamic and Moorish geometry. Arabesque shapes provide decorative texture and visual rhythm, used mainly in backsplashes, fireplaces, and decorative accent areas.
Chevron Tiles
Chevron tiles are V-shaped angled tiles that form continuous zigzag motifs. Chevron layouts generate directional movement across surfaces, especially in flooring where flow and elongation of space are emphasised.
What are the Types of Tiles by Finish?
The types of tiles by finish are gloss finish tiles, matt finish tiles, polished finish tiles, satin finish tiles, textured finish tiles, and lappato finish tiles. Tile finish defines surface reflection, slip resistance, and aesthetic tone within both residential and commercial applications.
Gloss Finish Tiles
Gloss finish tiles are tiles with a reflective glazed coating that amplifies light and colour depth. Gloss finishes enhance spaciousness perception, making them suitable for smaller rooms. Research from the University of Portsmouth School of Design (2020) confirms gloss surfaces reflect up to 70% more ambient light compared to matt equivalents.
Matt Finish Tiles
Matt finish tiles are tiles with a non-reflective surface that creates subtle visual tones. Matt finishes provide higher slip resistance compared to gloss finishes, making them common in bathrooms, kitchens, and exterior pathways.
Polished Finish Tiles
Polished finish tiles are tiles mechanically ground and polished to achieve high luster. Polished porcelain tiles are valued for clarity of pattern replication such as marble veining. Polished finish intensifies aesthetics but requires sealing for stain resistance in high-use areas.
Satin Finish Tiles
Satin finish tiles are tiles with a semi-gloss surface positioned between matt and gloss. Satin surfaces balance light reflection while retaining slip resistance, offering a versatile option for both walls and floors.
Textured Finish Tiles
Textured finish tiles are tiles with raised or patterned surfaces designed to replicate materials such as stone, wood, or concrete. Textured finish increases slip resistance by over 30% compared to smooth finishes according to the Health and Safety Executive UK data on coefficient of friction testing (2018).
Lappato Finish Tiles
Lappato finish tiles are semi-polished tiles produced by partially grinding the surface. The hybrid effect produces dual textures with both shine and grip. Lappato finishes are widely applied in commercial lobbies and transitional floor zones.
What are the Types of Tiles by Use,Application or Location?
The types of tiles by use and application are floor tiles, wall tiles, outdoor tiles, bathroom tiles, kitchen tiles, and commercial tiles. Tile application classification is determined by durability, slip resistance, moisture absorption, and load-bearing capacity in UK residential and commercial environments.
Floor Tiles
Floor tiles are tiles manufactured with higher strength to withstand foot traffic and abrasion. Porcelain and natural stone tiles dominate this category due to compressive strength above 35 MPa. Floor tiles account for 56% of overall tile demand in the UK housing sector.
Wall Tiles
Wall tiles are lighter, thinner tiles designed primarily for vertical surfaces. Glazed ceramic and glass tiles form the majority, providing decorative effects and water resistance. Wall tiles represent 38% of UK tile consumption, mainly in kitchens and bathrooms.
Outdoor Tiles
Outdoor tiles are weather-resistant tiles with high frost and slip resistance ratings. According to the British Standards Institution BS EN 14411 (2016), porcelain tiles with absorption rates below 0.5% classify as frost-proof, making them ideal for patios and terraces.
Bathroom Tiles
Bathroom tiles are water-resistant tiles specifically designed for wet environments. Ceramic, porcelain, and mosaic tiles dominate bathrooms due to non-porous finishes. Bathroom applications represent more than 60% of residential tile installations according to UK Market Construction Data (2020).
Kitchen Tiles
Kitchen tiles are stain-resistant and moisture-resistant tiles installed on walls and floors in cooking areas. Glass, porcelain, and ceramic tiles are most common, offering easy maintenance and hygienic surfaces suited to food preparation zones.
Commercial Tiles
Commercial tiles are tiles engineered for heavy-traffic use in offices, malls, and transit facilities. Polished porcelain and quarry tiles are favoured for their durability and slip resistance. Lifespan often exceeds 20 years, supporting long-term cost efficiency.
Swimming Pool Tiles
Swimming pool tiles are vitreous glass or porcelain tiles designed for full water immersion. They resist chlorine, saltwater, and temperature fluctuation. Mosaic pool tiles are most common due to their small size and curved application flexibility.
Garage / Heavy-Duty Tiles
Garage and heavy-duty tiles are tiles designed to endure mechanical load from vehicles and equipment. Porcelain, quarry, and industrial rubber-backed tiles provide resistance to oil, chemicals, and surface abrasion.
What are the Types of Tiles by Style or Design?
The main types of tiles by style or design include patterned tiles, plain tiles, textured tiles, geometric tiles, mosaic tiles, wood-effect tiles, stone-effect tiles, and metallic tiles. Each type combines aesthetic appeal with functional attributes to match interior or exterior design requirements.
Patterned Tiles
Patterned tiles are decorative tiles featuring repeated motifs or designs. They are widely used in kitchens, bathrooms, and living areas to create visual interest, often incorporating floral, Moroccan, or Victorian patterns.
Plain Tiles
Plain tiles are single-colour tiles without any patterns or textures. They are popular for minimalist or modern interiors and are often used in combination with accent tiles for a balanced design.
Textured Tiles
Textured tiles are tiles with raised or embossed surfaces. They provide slip resistance for floors, tactile interest for walls, and are used in areas requiring both functionality and design sophistication.
Geometric Tiles
Geometric tiles are tiles featuring shapes such as hexagons, triangles, and chevrons. They are ideal for contemporary spaces, providing visual rhythm and dynamic flooring or wall layouts.
Mosaic Tiles
Mosaic tiles are small-sized tiles arranged to form a larger design or pattern. They are commonly used in bathrooms, swimming pools, and decorative wall panels due to their flexibility in creating intricate designs.
Wood-Effect Tiles
Wood-effect tiles are ceramic or porcelain tiles designed to mimic the look of natural wood. They combine the aesthetic warmth of wood with the durability, water resistance, and low maintenance of tiles, making them suitable for kitchens, bathrooms, and living spaces.
Stone-Effect Tiles
Stone-effect tiles are tiles that replicate the appearance of natural stone such as marble, slate, or travertine. They provide luxury aesthetics without the maintenance issues of natural stone and are often used in high-end residential and commercial spaces.
Metallic Tiles
Metallic tiles are tiles with metal-like finishes or actual metal surfaces. They are used for accent walls, backsplashes, and decorative applications, adding a modern and reflective element to interior design.
What are the Types of Tiles by Texture?
Tiles by texture are classified into smooth, matte, glossy, polished, honed, riven, and tactile tiles. Each texture affects appearance, slip resistance, and maintenance, making it suitable for different interior and exterior applications.
Smooth Tiles
Smooth tiles have an even, flat surface with minimal surface variation. They are easy to clean and ideal for walls, low-traffic areas, and modern minimalist designs.
Matt Tiles
Matt tiles feature a non-reflective, soft finish. They reduce glare, hide scratches, and are commonly used in bathrooms, kitchens, and flooring for high-traffic areas.
Glossy Tiles
Glossy tiles have a reflective surface that enhances light and colour vibrancy. They visually enlarge spaces and are widely used for walls, backsplashes, and decorative panels.
Polished Tiles
Polished tiles are mechanically polished to a high shine, creating a smooth, mirror-like surface. They are suitable for luxury interiors, living rooms, and commercial spaces but require careful maintenance to prevent scratches.
Honed Tiles
Honed tiles have a matte, smooth finish without shine. They provide subtle elegance, are slip-resistant, and ideal for flooring in bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoor areas.
Riven Tiles
Riven tiles have a naturally rough, split surface often used in stone-effect designs. They enhance grip, making them suitable for outdoor patios, pool surrounds, and high-moisture areas.
Tactile Tiles
Tactile tiles feature raised patterns or ridges designed for functional or decorative purposes. They are used in public spaces for wayfinding, safety, or adding sensory texture to interiors.
What are the Types of Tiles by Durability / Strength?
Tiles are classified by durability into heavy-duty, medium-duty, and light-duty categories. Each category indicates the tile’s capacity to withstand foot traffic, weight, and wear, helping homeowners and designers choose the right tiles for specific applications.
Heavy-Duty Tiles
Heavy-duty tiles include vitrified, granite, and industrial porcelain. These tiles resist scratches, impact, and high foot traffic, making them ideal for commercial spaces, outdoor areas, garages, and high-traffic residential floors.
Medium-Duty Tiles
Medium-duty tiles consist of ceramic and glazed porcelain. They provide a balance of durability and aesthetics, suitable for living areas, kitchens, bathrooms, and moderate-traffic commercial zones.
Light-Duty Tiles
Light-duty tiles include mosaics, glass, and resin tiles used for walls only. These tiles offer decorative appeal rather than structural strength and are ideal for feature walls, backsplashes, and decorative accents.
What are the Types of Tiles by Slip Resistance (R-Rating)?
The types of tiles by slip resistance are classified as R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13 tiles. The R-rating, defined under DIN 51130 standards, measures slip resistance and determines safe applications for tiles in residential, commercial, and industrial surfaces.
R9 Tiles
R9 tiles are tiles with low slip resistance suitable for dry indoor areas. They are typically used in living rooms, bedrooms, and internal walls where minimal risk of slipping exists.
R10 Tiles
R10 tiles are tiles with moderate slip resistance suitable for domestic kitchens and bathrooms. They provide safe performance in areas where low to medium moisture exposure is expected.
R11 Tiles
R11 tiles are tiles with higher slip resistance recommended for commercial kitchens, balconies, and wet rooms. They offer secure grip under frequent wet or greasy conditions.
R12 Tiles
R12 tiles are tiles with very high slip resistance suitable for industrial floors, ramps, workshops, and heavy-duty outdoor surfaces. They are designed for zones with persistent water or oil exposure.
R13 Tiles
R13 tiles are tiles with the highest level of slip resistance applied in extreme environments. They are required in swimming pools, production plants, and heavy-industry flooring where continuous wet or slippery conditions are present.
What are the Types of Tiles by Cost / Budget?
The types of tiles by cost or budget are economy tiles, mid-range tiles, and premium tiles. Budget classification reflects differences in raw material, production method, durability, and surface finish quality.
Economy Tiles
Economy tiles are ceramic tiles and basic glazed formats available at the lowest unit cost. Average pricing ranges between £8 and £15 per m² in the UK market. Economy tiles are lightweight, easy to install, and most often used in budget-oriented residential projects and rental properties.
Mid-Range Tiles
Mid-range tiles are porcelain tiles, stone-effect tiles, and higher-quality ceramics. Pricing ranges between £20 and £35 per m². These tiles combine durability with broader style options such as polished or matt finishes. Mid-range tiles constitute the majority of purchases for bathrooms and kitchens in UK homes.
Premium Tiles
Premium tiles are natural stone tiles, encaustic tiles, large-format porcelain tiles, and high-end artisan finishes. Pricing begins at £40 per m² and can exceed £100 per m² depending on rarity and production scale. Premium tiles are specified in luxury residential interiors, commercial lobbies, heritage restorations, and architectural statement projects.
What are the Types of Tiles by Sustainability?
The types of tiles by sustainability are recycled tiles, natural stone tiles, low-VOC tiles, energy-efficient porcelain tiles, and locally-sourced tiles. Sustainability classification is based on material origin, manufacturing process, recyclability, and environmental footprint.
Recycled Tiles
Recycled tiles are ceramic or glass tiles manufactured using post-consumer or industrial waste materials. Recycled content can constitute 40–70% of the tile body composition according to University of Leeds Environmental Materials Research (2020). They reduce landfill usage and limit extraction of virgin raw materials.
Natural Stone Tiles
Natural stone tiles are quarried materials such as marble, slate, granite, and limestone. Their sustainability lies in minimal chemical processing. However, quarrying impacts depend on method and distance of transportation. Locally quarried stone reduces embodied carbon of installations.
Low-VOC Tiles
Low-VOC tiles are tiles manufactured and finished without volatile organic compound-emitting sealants or adhesives. They contribute to improved indoor air quality and align with BREEAM and LEED building standards in the UK.
Energy-Efficient Porcelain Tiles
Energy-efficient porcelain tiles are porcelain products made in facilities using renewable power, heat recovery kilns, and reduced water processes. Life-cycle assessments by Politecnico di Milano (2019) demonstrate up to 25% CO₂ savings in eco-certified porcelain production compared to conventional processes.
Locally-Sourced Tiles
Locally-sourced tiles are tiles manufactured or quarried within the regional market to minimise transportation emissions. Local supply chains lower embodied carbon and strengthen regional economies while maintaining design variety.
What are the Types of Tiles by Color / Tone?
Tiles are categorised by colour and tone to complement interior and exterior design schemes. Colour choice influences aesthetic appeal, mood, and visual perception of space.
Neutral Tiles
Neutral tiles include shades of white, beige, grey, and taupe. These colours provide versatile backdrops, suitable for both modern and traditional interiors. According to research from the University of Sheffield, Department of Design, 2022, neutral tones improve perceived room brightness by up to 15%.
Bold and Vibrant Tiles
Bold tiles feature bright colours such as red, blue, yellow, and green. These tiles act as statement pieces or accent walls, enhancing design contrast and personality. Examples include coloured ceramic or enamelled porcelain tiles used in kitchens or feature walls.
Pastel and Soft-Tone Tiles
Pastel tiles cover soft shades of pink, mint, lavender, and light blue. These tones create calm, soothing environments, ideal for bathrooms, bedrooms, and spa areas. Studies from the London School of Architecture, 2021, indicate pastel shades increase perceived space openness in smaller rooms.
Dark and Moody Tiles
Dark tiles include black, charcoal, deep brown, and navy. These tones add depth, luxury, and sophistication. They are often applied to floor tiles, accent walls, or commercial spaces for dramatic effect.
Multi-Coloured and Patterned Tiles
Multi-coloured tiles combine two or more tones, often in patterns or mosaics. These tiles are widely used for decorative floors, backsplashes, and artistic feature walls, offering both visual interest and unique design possibilities.
What are the Types of Tiles by Pattern?
Tiles are categorised by pattern to create visual interest, define spaces, and complement architectural styles. Pattern selection influences the overall aesthetic, room perception, and design cohesion.
Geometric Tiles
Geometric tiles feature shapes such as hexagons, triangles, diamonds, or chevrons. They create structured, modern, and visually dynamic spaces. According to the University of Brighton, Department of Interior Design, 2022, geometric patterns improve spatial perception in compact areas by up to 12%.
Mosaic Tiles
Mosaic tiles consist of small pieces arranged into repetitive or intricate designs. These are widely used for backsplashes, feature walls, and decorative floors. Examples include glass, ceramic, or natural stone mosaics that form artistic visuals.
Wood-Effect Tiles
Wood-effect tiles mimic natural wood grain and plank patterns. They provide warm, textured aesthetics while offering the durability of porcelain or ceramic. Research from Sheffield Hallam University, 2021, notes that wood-effect tiles reduce maintenance costs by 25% compared to real wood in wet areas.
Marble-Effect and Stone-Effect Tiles
Marble or stone-effect tiles replicate natural stone veining and textures. They deliver luxury and sophistication while being more cost-effective and durable than actual stone. These patterns are popular in bathrooms, kitchens, and commercial spaces.
Decorative and Artistic Tiles
Decorative tiles feature hand-painted, printed, or embossed patterns. They include floral motifs, abstract designs, or culturally inspired prints. Examples include Moroccan tiles, encaustic patterns, and Mediterranean-inspired designs.
Herringbone and Chevron Patterns
Herringbone and chevron tiles create angled, interlocking designs. These patterns enhance visual movement and are commonly used in flooring and accent walls to elongate spaces or add depth.
Large-Format Patterned Tiles
Large-format tiles carry continuous patterns across expansive surfaces. They reduce grout lines, create seamless looks, and are ideal for modern, minimalist interiors.
What are the Types of Tiles by Thickness?
Tiles are categorised by thickness to determine their suitability for different surfaces, durability, and load-bearing capacity. The thickness influences installation method, structural support, and overall longevity.
Standard Tiles
Standard tiles range between 6mm and 10mm in thickness. They are commonly used for residential floors and walls, offering a balance of durability and ease of installation. According to the University of Westminster, Department of Construction, 2021, 8mm tiles on standard adhesive achieve optimal performance in domestic flooring.
Thick or Heavy-Duty Tiles
Thick tiles range between 10mm and 20mm. These are ideal for commercial areas, outdoor patios, and heavy-traffic zones. Granite and vitrified porcelain tiles in this thickness class provide enhanced strength and resistance to impact and wear.
Thin or Slim Tiles
Thin tiles, often 3mm to 5mm thick, are designed for renovations, wall cladding, or overlaying existing surfaces. They reduce structural load while allowing rapid installation. Research from Sheffield Hallam University, 2022, indicates slim tiles lower installation time by approximately 30% compared to standard tiles.
Extra-Thick / Ultra-Durable Tiles
Extra-thick tiles exceed 20mm in thickness. Primarily used for industrial or heavy-duty applications, such as warehouse flooring or loading bays, these tiles withstand extreme loads and provide long-term structural stability.
Tile Thickness Considerations
Choosing tile thickness depends on load, application, and surface type. Residential floors typically require 8–10mm, while walls can accommodate 3–6mm. Outdoor or commercial installations benefit from 10–20mm tiles for longevity and safety.
What are the Types of Tiles by Edge?
Tiles are categorised by edge type to influence installation aesthetics, grout usage, and overall visual appeal. The edge determines the seam style, pattern continuity, and safety for certain applications.
Straight / Square Edge
Straight or square-edged tiles have perfectly even edges. They are the most common and allow for uniform grout lines, giving a clean, modern finish. According to the University of Cambridge, Department of Civil Engineering, 2020, square-edged tiles with 2–3mm grout provide optimal alignment for interior floors and walls.
Bevelled Edge
Bevelled-edge tiles feature a slight angled cut along the perimeter. This creates a defined line at the junctions, adding depth and texture to walls or floors. Bevelled edges are often used in kitchens or bathrooms to emphasise pattern design.
Bullnose Edge
Bullnose tiles have a rounded edge on one or more sides. They are ideal for finishing exposed edges, such as stair steps, countertops, or wall terminations, reducing sharpness and improving safety.
Cove / Cove Base Edge
Cove-edge tiles include a concave or curved edge at the base. These are primarily used in bathrooms and wet rooms to create smooth transitions between wall and floor surfaces, improving hygiene and water drainage.
Pencil / Trim Edge
Pencil or trim tiles are narrow tiles with rounded or tapered edges. They function as decorative trims, borders, or accent lines within larger tile layouts, enhancing design continuity.
Tile Edge Considerations
Selecting the appropriate tile edge depends on the installation area, aesthetic goal, and safety requirements. Square edges suit modern, minimalistic designs, while bullnose or cove edges provide smooth transitions and reduce injury risk.
What are the Types of Tiles by Grout Style?
Tiles are classified by grout style based on joint width, spacing, and visual effect. Grout style affects surface durability, maintenance, and overall aesthetic. Correct selection ensures aligned, hygienic, and long-lasting tiled surfaces.
Standard Grout
Standard grout features consistent 2–5 mm spacing between tiles. It provides a uniform, clean finish for walls and floors. Standard grout is the most common choice in residential applications.
Wide / Decorative Grout
Wide grout spans 6–12 mm joints and often uses contrasting colours to highlight patterns. It enhances visual depth for feature walls and patterned floors. Wide grout requires careful sealing to prevent staining and maintain durability.
Epoxy Grout
Epoxy grout is chemically resistant and water-impermeable. It is ideal for wet areas such as bathrooms, kitchens, and swimming pools. Epoxy grout reduces mould growth and improves surface hygiene compared to cement-based grouts.
Unsanded Grout
Unsanded grout contains fine particles, suitable for narrow joints under 3 mm. It provides a smooth, even finish for wall tiles and delicate surfaces, improving aesthetic alignment and ease of application.
Sanded Grout
Sanded grout contains coarse sand particles, designed for joints over 3 mm. It enhances joint strength, reduces shrinkage, and is suitable for floors and high-traffic areas. Sanded grout improves durability and resists cracking in wide joints.
What are the Types of Tiles by Safety Features?
Tiles are classified by safety features based on slip resistance, fire resistance, and impact protection. Selecting the right safety feature ensures user protection, compliance with regulations, and suitability for specific environments.
Slip-Resistant Tiles
Slip-resistant tiles have textured or patterned surfaces to reduce slipping. They are ideal for wet areas like bathrooms, kitchens, and swimming pools. Slip-resistance is often measured using the R-rating (R9–R13), with higher ratings providing better traction.
Anti-Bacterial / Hygienic Tiles
Anti-bacterial tiles are treated to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth. These tiles improve hygiene in hospitals, kitchens, and bathrooms. Surface treatment reduces contamination risks and maintains cleaner environments.
Fire-Resistant Tiles
Fire-resistant tiles are non-combustible and withstand high temperatures. They are used around fireplaces, ovens, and industrial applications. Fire-resistant tiles provide thermal protection and help prevent fire propagation.
Impact-Resistant Tiles
Impact-resistant tiles are thicker or reinforced to resist cracking under heavy loads. Suitable for garages, commercial spaces, and industrial floors, they enhance durability and prevent accidents from broken tiles.
Rounded / Soft-Edge Tiles
Rounded or soft-edge tiles reduce sharp corners to prevent injuries. They are commonly used in children’s areas, staircases, and public spaces to improve safety and minimize impact hazards.
What are the Types of Tiles by Industry / Sector?
Tiles are classified by industry or sector based on functional requirements, durability, and compliance standards. Choosing sector-specific tiles ensures optimal performance, safety, and long-term value.
Residential Tiles
Residential tiles are designed for homes, apartments, and private spaces. They focus on aesthetics, comfort, and moderate durability. Common applications include living rooms, kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoor patios.
Commercial Tiles
Commercial tiles are engineered for high-traffic areas such as offices, retail stores, and malls. They prioritize durability, slip resistance, and ease of maintenance to withstand frequent use.
Industrial Tiles
Industrial tiles are used in factories, warehouses, and production facilities. They provide impact resistance, chemical resistance, and heavy-duty performance for machinery areas, storage floors, and high-load zones.
Healthcare Tiles
Healthcare tiles are specialized for hospitals, clinics, and laboratories. Anti-bacterial, hygienic, and easy-to-clean surfaces are essential to maintain sterile environments and meet health regulations.
Hospitality & Leisure Tiles
Hospitality tiles are tailored for hotels, restaurants, and leisure facilities. They combine aesthetics, slip resistance, and durability to accommodate high foot traffic and enhance visual appeal.
Educational & Institutional Tiles
Educational tiles are designed for schools, universities, and public institutions. They focus on safety, durability, and cost-efficiency while withstanding heavy daily use.
Transportation & Infrastructure Tiles
Transportation tiles are used in airports, train stations, and bus terminals. They emphasize durability, slip resistance, and compliance with safety and accessibility standards.
What are the Types of Tiles by Climate Suitability?
Tiles are classified by climate suitability to ensure performance, durability, and comfort under specific environmental conditions. Selecting climate-appropriate tiles reduces damage, maintenance needs, and safety risks.
Heat-Resistant Tiles
Heat-resistant tiles withstand high temperatures and direct sunlight. Terracotta and quarry tiles are ideal for outdoor patios, terraces, and hot climates, providing thermal stability and long-term durability.
Cool Surface Tiles
Cool surface tiles help maintain lower surface temperatures in hot regions. Light-colored porcelain tiles reflect sunlight, reduce heat absorption, and improve comfort in outdoor and indoor spaces.
Frost-Resistant Tiles
Frost-resistant tiles endure freezing temperatures and prevent cracking. Porcelain and vitrified tiles are suitable for cold climates, outdoor pavements, and areas exposed to snow or frost.
Moisture-Resistant Tiles
Moisture-resistant tiles resist water penetration and humidity damage. Glass, porcelain, and vitrified tiles are commonly used in bathrooms, kitchens, swimming pools, and wet outdoor areas.
What are the Types of Tiles by Surface Technology / Coating?
The types of tiles by surface technology or coating are nano-polished tiles, glazed tiles, unglazed tiles, UV-coated tiles, and scratch-resistant tiles. Surface technology defines tile resistance to wear, stains, colour fading, and environmental conditions.
Nano-Polished Tiles
Nano-polished tiles are porcelain tiles treated with nano-technology to create ultra-smooth and stain-resistant surfaces. The nano-sealant penetrates microscopic pores, reducing water absorption rates and simplifying cleaning in kitchens and bathrooms.
Glazed Tiles
Glazed tiles are tiles finished with a molten glass layer that adds shine, durability, and design versatility. Glazing enhances colour richness and provides a protective barrier against stains and spills, making glazed ceramic a dominant wall tile choice in UK interiors.
Unglazed Tiles
Unglazed tiles are tiles without a surface coating, relying on the natural texture and body colour of the material. Quarry tiles and natural stone tiles fall into this category, offering high slip resistance and durability but requiring sealing against stains.
UV-Coated Tiles
UV-coated tiles are tiles treated with protective coatings to maintain colour stability under exposure to direct sunlight. These coatings prevent fading and discolouration, extending outdoor tile lifespan on terraces, façades, and patios.
Scratch-Resistant Tiles
Scratch-resistant tiles are ceramic or porcelain tiles enhanced with reinforced surface layers. These coatings improve hardness ratings and resist abrasion, making them suitable for high-traffic commercial flooring and heavy-use kitchens.
What are the Types of Tiles by Cultural Style?
The types of tiles by cultural style are Moroccan tiles, Spanish tiles, Italian tiles, Victorian tiles, Middle Eastern tiles, and Asian tiles. Cultural classification reflects heritage, regional craftsmanship, and historic design identity.
Moroccan Tiles
Moroccan tiles are hand-crafted ceramic tiles featuring bold colours and geometric or arabesque motifs. Known as Zellige, they are traditionally made from terracotta and glazed for vibrancy. Moroccan tiles are widely used in courtyards, fountains, and ornate interiors.
Spanish Tiles
Spanish tiles are ceramic or terracotta tiles with vibrant colours and intricate floral or geometric patterns. Andalusian and Talavera varieties dominate, characterised by hand-painted surfaces applied to walls, stair risers, and kitchen designs.
Italian Tiles
Italian tiles are porcelain or ceramic tiles produced with advanced digital printing and refined finishes. Italian traditions include terrazzo, marble-effect porcelain, and encaustic styles. Italy remains a global leader in tile innovation with strong export profiles.
Victorian Tiles
Victorian tiles are patterned ceramic or encaustic tiles associated with 19th‑century Britain. Geometric motifs and mosaics were applied in entranceways, churches, and civic buildings. Victorian tiles remain common in heritage restoration projects across the UK.
Middle Eastern Tiles
Middle Eastern tiles are glazed ceramic or mosaic tiles inspired by Islamic art traditions. Arabesque shapes, calligraphy, and cobalt-blue palettes dominate, especially in mosques, palaces, and cultural monuments.
Asian Tiles
Asian tiles are ceramic and porcelain tiles reflecting regional traditions such as Chinese blue-and-white porcelain, Japanese Raku, or Indian Jaipur ceramics. These tiles emphasise hand craftsmanship, symbolism, and strong cultural motifs.
What are the Types of Tiles by Maintenance Needs?
Tiles are classified by maintenance needs to determine cleaning frequency, longevity, and suitability for different spaces. Maintenance affects cost, durability, and ease of use in residential and commercial applications.
Low-Maintenance Tiles
Low-maintenance tiles require minimal cleaning and upkeep. Porcelain, glazed ceramic, and vitrified tiles are common examples, ideal for kitchens, bathrooms, and high-traffic areas due to stain resistance and durability.
Medium-Maintenance Tiles
Medium-maintenance tiles need occasional cleaning and sealing. Natural stone tiles like marble, travertine, and limestone fall under this category, requiring periodic polishing and protective sealants to preserve appearance.
High-Maintenance Tiles
High-maintenance tiles require regular care and specialized cleaning. Mosaics, glass, and unglazed natural stone tiles often need daily cleaning and professional upkeep to maintain shine and prevent damage.
Self-Cleaning / Coated Tiles
Self-cleaning or coated tiles feature protective layers that repel stains and water. Nano-polished or UV-coated tiles reduce cleaning frequency, making them suitable for bathrooms, exteriors, and commercial spaces.
What are the Types of Tiles by Lifespan?
Tiles are classified by lifespan to indicate durability, replacement frequency, and long-term cost-effectiveness. Lifespan depends on material, installation quality, and usage conditions.
Short-Lifespan Tiles
Short-lifespan tiles last 5–10 years under normal use. These include low-quality ceramics or thin vinyl tiles, often used in temporary installations or light-traffic areas due to their lower durability.
Medium-Lifespan Tiles
Medium-lifespan tiles last 10–20 years under regular use. Standard ceramic, glazed porcelain, and medium-grade natural stone tiles fall into this category, suitable for residential floors and walls with moderate traffic.
Long-Lifespan Tiles
Long-lifespan tiles last 20–50 years or more. Vitrified porcelain, granite, and high-quality natural stones maintain structural integrity and appearance over decades, making them ideal for commercial, outdoor, or heavy-traffic areas.
Lifetime / Heritage Tiles
Lifetime or heritage tiles can last over 50 years. Quarry tiles, premium marble, and specialized vitrified tiles retain durability and aesthetics with minimal maintenance, commonly used in historical restorations or long-term investments.
What are the Types of Tiles by Weight / Load-Bearing Capacity?
Tiles are classified by weight and load-bearing capacity to determine their suitability for floors, walls, and structural applications. Load-bearing capacity affects safety, performance, and material choice.
Light-Load Tiles
Light-load tiles support up to 200 kg/m². Examples include thin ceramic, glass, or resin tiles, ideal for walls, decorative panels, and low-traffic areas.
Medium-Load Tiles
Medium-load tiles support 200–500 kg/m². Standard porcelain, glazed ceramic, and medium-thickness natural stone tiles are used in residential floors, moderate-traffic corridors, and commercial interiors.
Heavy-Load Tiles
Heavy-load tiles support over 500 kg/m². Granite, vitrified porcelain, quarry, and reinforced stone tiles are suitable for industrial floors, garages, and outdoor high-traffic areas, ensuring structural stability and long-term durability.
Ultra-Heavy / Structural Tiles
Ultra-heavy tiles can bear over 1000 kg/m². These include engineered stone, reinforced concrete tiles, and specialty vitrified panels for infrastructure, bridges, or industrial applications requiring extreme load tolerance.
What are the Types of Tiles by Water Absorption Rate?
The types of tiles by water absorption rate are impervious tiles, vitreous tiles, semi-vitreous tiles, and non-vitreous tiles. Water absorption classification defines tile porosity and suitability for wet or dry environments according to international testing standards such as ASTM C373 and BS EN 14411.
Impervious Tiles
Impervious tiles are porcelain tiles with water absorption below 0.5%. Their very low porosity makes them resistant to frost, staining, and chemical exposure. Impervious porcelain tiles are recommended for bathrooms, kitchens, outdoor pavements, and swimming pools.
Vitreous Tiles
Vitreous tiles are ceramic or porcelain tiles with water absorption between 0.5% and 3%. They provide strong resistance to moisture while retaining versatility in wall and floor applications. Vitreous tiles are widely used in domestic kitchens and residential bathrooms.
Semi-Vitreous Tiles
Semi-vitreous tiles are ceramic tiles with water absorption between 3% and 7%. These tiles tolerate limited moisture but require sealing to improve resistance. Semi-vitreous ceramics are used in interior walls and low-traffic floors.
Non-Vitreous Tiles
Non-vitreous tiles are ceramic tiles with water absorption above 7%. Their high porosity makes them unsuitable for wet environments. Non-vitreous tiles, such as traditional terracotta, are often applied in dry interiors where rustic aesthetics are prioritised.
What are the Types of Tiles by Certification & Standards?
Tiles are classified by certification and standards to ensure safety, durability, and regulatory compliance. Certified tiles meet specific mechanical, chemical, and environmental benchmarks suitable for various applications.
ISO-Certified Tiles
ISO-certified tiles comply with International Organization for Standardization norms. For example, ISO 13006 covers ceramic tile dimensions, water absorption, and mechanical strength, ensuring consistent quality across regions and applications.
ANSI / ASTM Tiles
ANSI or ASTM tiles meet American National Standards Institute and ASTM International standards. These include slip resistance, abrasion resistance, and moisture performance, primarily used in commercial and institutional projects.
CE-Marked Tiles
CE-marked tiles conform to European Conformity standards. CE marking verifies compliance with EU directives on safety, environmental impact, and chemical content, commonly used in construction across the European Union.
BIS-Certified Tiles
BIS-certified tiles comply with Bureau of Indian Standards. BIS certification ensures mechanical strength, dimensional accuracy, and water absorption standards for tiles used in India and similar climates.
LEED / Environmental Tiles
LEED or eco-certified tiles meet sustainability and environmental standards. These tiles use recycled content, low VOC adhesives, and energy-efficient manufacturing, suitable for green building projects.
What are the Types of Tiles by Era / Historical Style?
The types of tiles by era or historical style are Ancient tiles, Medieval tiles, Renaissance tiles, Victorian tiles, Art Deco tiles, and Mid-Century Modern tiles. Era-based classification reflects the cultural, artistic, and architectural movements influencing tile production and use.
Ancient Tiles
Ancient tiles are clay, terracotta, and mosaic tiles originating in Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman civilisations. Roman tesserae mosaics, often under 20 mm, decorated bathhouses, villas, and public buildings, establishing tile-making as both functional and artistic.
Medieval Tiles
Medieval tiles are hand-pressed clay tiles often glazed with lead-based coatings. They featured geometric and heraldic motifs used in abbeys and castles across Europe between the 11th and 15th centuries. Gothic floor tiles with two-colour inlays were dominant.
Renaissance Tiles
Renaissance tiles are majolica and faience tiles developed in Italy, Spain, and France during the 15th–16th centuries. These tiles displayed vivid painted narratives, floral designs, and mythological scenes, aligning with the artistic detail of the era.
Victorian Tiles
Victorian tiles are encaustic and geometric ceramic tiles from 19th-century Britain. Encaustic tiles carried inlaid coloured clays forming permanent designs, while geometric mosaics structured ornate floors in churches, civic halls, and terraced houses.
Art Deco Tiles
Art Deco tiles are ceramic and glass tiles used during the 1920s–1930s. Designs included bold linear motifs, metallic embellishments, and monochrome contrasts. These tiles were common in cinemas, hotels, and decorative facades.
Mid-Century Modern Tiles
Mid-Century Modern tiles are minimalist ceramic and porcelain tiles from the post-1945 design movement. They emphasised clean lines, plain colours, modular patterns, and functional aesthetics, shaping contemporary residential interiors of the mid-20th century.
What are the Types of Tiles by Lighting Effect / Reflectivity?
Tiles are classified by lighting effect and reflectivity to enhance ambiance, brightness, and visual perception of space. The surface finish, material, and coating determine light interaction and energy efficiency.
Glossy / Polished Tiles
Glossy or polished tiles have a highly reflective surface. They increase brightness, create the illusion of spaciousness, and are ideal for kitchens, bathrooms, and commercial spaces.
Matte Tiles
Matte tiles diffuse light evenly and reduce glare. They are suitable for living rooms, bedrooms, and areas where a soft, natural light effect is preferred.
Satin / Semi-Polished Tiles
Satin or semi-polished tiles provide moderate reflectivity. They balance brightness and comfort, suitable for transitional spaces and open-plan interiors.
Textured / Relief Tiles
Textured or relief tiles scatter light due to uneven surfaces. They create dynamic visual effects, shadow patterns, and tactile interest in walls, feature panels, or outdoor facades.
Metallic / Reflective Coated Tiles
Metallic or reflective coated tiles amplify light through mirror-like finishes. They are often used for accent walls, decorative borders, and luxury interiors to emphasize style and sophistication.
What are the Types of Tiles by Porosity / Breathability?
Tiles are classified by porosity and breathability to influence water absorption, durability, and suitability for specific environments. Porosity affects moisture resistance, slip performance, and maintenance needs.
Non-Porous Tiles
Non-porous tiles have near-zero water absorption. Examples include glazed porcelain, vitrified, and glass tiles. They are ideal for bathrooms, kitchens, swimming pools, and commercial wet areas.
Low-Porosity Tiles
Low-porosity tiles absorb minimal moisture, typically 0.5–3%. Examples include semi-vitrified porcelain and certain ceramics. They are suitable for indoor floors, walls, and moderate-moisture areas.
Medium-Porosity Tiles
Medium-porosity tiles absorb 3–7% of water. Terracotta, unglazed ceramic, and quarry tiles fall into this category, suitable for dry interiors, patios, and decorative wall surfaces.
High-Porosity Tiles
High-porosity tiles absorb above 7% water. Natural clay, certain mosaics, and traditional terracotta are included. They require sealing and are best for low-moisture or decorative applications.
What are the Types of Tiles by Psychological Effect?
Tiles are classified by psychological impact to influence mood, perception, and ambiance in interior and exterior spaces. Color, pattern, and finish contribute to emotional and cognitive responses.
Calming Tiles
Calming tiles evoke relaxation and tranquility. Blues, greens, and matte finishes are commonly used in bedrooms, bathrooms, and meditation areas to reduce stress and create serene environments.
Luxury Tiles
Luxury tiles convey elegance and sophistication. Marble, polished porcelain, and high-gloss finishes elevate living rooms, lobbies, and premium commercial spaces, reflecting status and refinement.
Bold Statement Tiles
Bold statement tiles create visual interest and focus. Geometric patterns, metallic finishes, and intricate designs are applied in accent walls, feature floors, or commercial spaces to capture attention and energy.
Natural Warm Tiles
Natural warm tiles generate comfort and homeliness. Wood-look, terracotta, and earth-toned tiles are used in kitchens, living areas, and lounges to foster warmth and inviting atmospheres.
Creative / Artistic Tiles
Creative and artistic tiles stimulate imagination and uniqueness. Mosaics, murals, and custom prints are suitable for feature walls, public art installations, and playful interiors, offering expressive and individualized designs.
What are the Types of Tiles by Manufacturing Origin?
Tiles are classified by manufacturing origin based on production method, craftsmanship, and sustainability, which influence aesthetics, quality, and environmental impact.
Handmade Tiles
Handmade tiles are artisanal and unique. Each piece is individually crafted, often featuring irregularities, intricate patterns, and textures, making them ideal for decorative walls, boutique hotels, and heritage projects.
Machine-Made Tiles
Machine-made tiles are uniform and mass-produced. They offer consistent size, shape, and surface finish, making them suitable for large-scale commercial projects, residential flooring, and cost-effective installations.
3D Tiles
3D tiles feature dimensional designs and textures. Produced using advanced manufacturing or molding techniques, they add depth and visual interest to walls, facades, and accent areas.
Recycled Material Tiles
Recycled material tiles are sustainable and eco-friendly. Made from repurposed glass, porcelain, or ceramic, they reduce environmental impact while maintaining durability and design versatility.
What are the Types of Tiles by Placement Orientation?
The types of tiles by placement orientation are horizontal tiles, vertical tiles, diagonal tiles, stacked tiles, herringbone orientation tiles, and chevron orientation tiles. Orientation classification defines how tiles are arranged to influence spatial perception, flow, and visual rhythm.
Horizontal Tiles
Horizontal tiles are tiles laid lengthwise across walls or floors. This orientation expands the appearance of width in rooms, making it effective for hallways, kitchens, and open-plan spaces.
Vertical Tiles
Vertical tiles are tiles aligned upright along wall surfaces. Vertical orientation increases perceived height, often applied in bathrooms and feature walls to emphasise tall proportions.
Diagonal Tiles
Diagonal tiles are square or rectangular tiles rotated at 45 degrees. This arrangement creates dynamic lines, enlarges the perceived area, and reduces monotony in small or compact rooms.
Stacked Tiles
Stacked tiles are tiles placed directly in line both horizontally and vertically. The uniform grid produces a modern minimalist aesthetic, frequently applied in commercial interiors and contemporary kitchens.
Herringbone Tiles
Herringbone orientation tiles are rectangular tiles set in a broken zigzag at 45° or 90°. This orientation creates directional movement across floors, maintaining popularity in parquet-inspired ceramic and porcelain applications.
Chevron Tiles
Chevron orientation tiles are angled-cut tiles joined end-to-end to form continuous V-shaped zigzags. Chevron orientation emphasises symmetry and flow, commonly found in living rooms, hallways, and high-design areas.
What are the Types of Tiles by Grading Quality Levels?
The types of tiles by grading quality levels are Grade 1 tiles, Grade 2 tiles, and Grade 3 tiles. Tile grading classification is defined by surface quality, defect tolerance, and suitability for use in floors, walls, or purely decorative applications in accordance with ISO 13006 and ANSI A137.1 standards.
Grade 1 Tiles
Grade 1 tiles are the highest quality tiles with no visible defects. They are approved for both floor and wall installations in residential and commercial projects. Grade 1 classification guarantees maximum durability, slip resistance, and aesthetic consistency.
Grade 2 Tiles
Grade 2 tiles are standard quality tiles with minor visual imperfections. They are recommended for wall applications or light-traffic residential floors. Slight irregularities in shade or finish are acceptable, but structural performance remains intact.
Grade 3 Tiles
Grade 3 tiles are tiles with noticeable cosmetic imperfections. They are suitable only for decorative purposes, craft uses, or areas without foot traffic such as accent walls and backsplashes. Grade 3 tiles are not permitted for flooring under ISO and ASTM guidelines.
What are the Types of Tiles by Abrasion Resistance (PEI Rating)?
Tiles are classified by abrasion resistance using the PEI (Porcelain Enamel Institute) rating, which indicates the tile’s ability to withstand surface wear, making them suitable for different traffic levels.
PEI I – Very Light Traffic
PEI I tiles resist minimal wear. They are suitable for wall applications or areas with almost no foot traffic, such as bathroom walls or decorative panels.
PEI II – Light Traffic
PEI II tiles withstand light foot traffic. They are ideal for residential bathrooms, bedrooms, or low-usage corridors.
PEI III – Moderate Traffic
PEI III tiles tolerate moderate wear. They are appropriate for most residential areas, including kitchens, hallways, and living spaces.
PEI IV – Heavy Traffic
PEI IV tiles endure heavy foot traffic. They are suitable for commercial spaces, retail stores, or high-use residential areas.
PEI V – Very Heavy Traffic
PEI V tiles resist very heavy wear. They are ideal for public spaces, airports, industrial areas, and any high-traffic zone requiring maximum durability.
What are the Types of Tiles by Modular?
The types of tiles by modular classification are standard modular tiles, large-format modular tiles, and interlocking modular tiles. Modular classification refers to tile dimensions designed to combine seamlessly in regular patterns, reducing wastage and ensuring design flexibility.
Standard Modular Tiles
Standard modular tiles are tiles produced in common sizes such as 300 × 300 mm, 300 × 600 mm, and 600 × 600 mm. These dimensions are coordinated to fit within modular grids, allowing uniform layouts with predictable grout spacing.
Large-Format Modular Tiles
Large-format modular tiles are porcelain or ceramic tiles manufactured in dimensions above 600 mm, such as 600 × 1200 mm or 800 × 800 mm. Large-modular slabs reduce grout lines, creating seamless floor and wall designs that emphasise open spaces.
Interlocking Modular Tiles
Interlocking modular tiles are tiles designed with precision edges or click-lock systems. They lock into each other mechanically, enabling easier installation, alignment accuracy, and quicker replacement. Interlocking porcelain and vinyl composites are widely used in commercial flooring and high-traffic zones.
What are the Types of Tiles by Joint?
Tiles are classified by joint type based on the spacing and connection method between tiles, influencing structural integrity, water resistance, and visual appeal.
Butt Joint Tiles
Butt joint tiles have edges placed directly against each other. They provide a continuous surface with minimal grout visibility, commonly used in modern interiors and polished large-format tiles.
Grouted Joint Tiles
Grouted joint tiles include visible grout between tiles. They enhance flexibility, accommodate movement, and prevent water seepage, suitable for bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoor areas.
Interlocking Joint Tiles
Interlocking tiles feature tongue-and-groove or puzzle-like edges. They improve stability, reduce installation errors, and are often used for modular flooring, outdoor decks, or raised platforms.
Expansion Joint Tiles
Expansion joint tiles include deliberate gaps filled with flexible material. They absorb thermal and structural movement, preventing cracks, especially in large floors, terraces, or areas with high temperature variation.
What are the Types of Tiles by Modularity / Assembly System?
Tiles are classified by modularity and assembly system based on how they connect, lock, or snap into place, influencing installation speed, reusability, and application scope.
Interlocking Tiles
Interlocking tiles connect through tongue-and-groove or edge-lock systems. They are commonly used for gym floors, outdoor decks, and temporary flooring, offering stability without adhesive.
Click-Lock Tiles
Click-lock tiles use floating installation technology. They lock together seamlessly, require no glue or grout, and are ideal for residential renovations, rented properties, or quick DIY projects.
Puzzle Tiles
Puzzle tiles feature EVA foam or rubber in jigsaw-like shapes. They provide cushioning, easy assembly, and are widely used in children’s play areas, fitness studios, and temporary setups.
Snap-On Tiles
Snap-on tiles use raised connector bases made of plastic or rubber. They allow for ventilation, drainage, and mobility, making them suitable for outdoor patios, pool surrounds, and modular event flooring.
What are the Types of Tiles by Installation?
The types of tiles by installation are thin-set tiles, adhesive tiles, cement mortar tiles, floating tiles, and peel-and-stick tiles. Installation classification defines the fixing method used, which impacts strength, durability, and application suitability.
Thin-Set Tiles
Thin-set tiles are ceramic or porcelain tiles installed using thin-set mortar. This is the most common modern method, ensuring strong adhesion and alignment for both walls and floors in residential and commercial interiors.
Adhesive Tiles
Adhesive tiles are tiles fixed with tile adhesives instead of traditional mortars. Ready-mix adhesives provide faster installation, making them suitable for smaller ceramic wall tiles and splashbacks.
Cement Mortar Tiles
Cement mortar tiles are quarry, terracotta, or stone tiles embedded in thick cement mortar beds. This method provides high load-bearing capacity, making it suitable for outdoor pavements, large halls, and industrial flooring.
Floating Tiles
Floating tiles are modular tiles installed without adhesives or grout. Interlocking or click-lock systems connect the tiles, enabling removability and reassembly. They are used in exhibition spaces, gyms, and raised flooring systems.
Peel-and-Stick Tiles
Peel-and-stick tiles are lightweight vinyl or resin tiles with self-adhesive backing. They provide quick installation for temporary or decorative applications on walls, splashbacks, and low-traffic residential spaces.
How to Choose the Right Tile Type?
The right tile type is chosen based on location, durability, slip resistance, maintenance needs, budget, and style preference. Selection requires aligning tile properties with functional performance and design requirements.
Location
Location determines the category of tile suitable for the environment. Porcelain or stone tiles are selected for outdoor spaces due to frost resistance, while glazed ceramic, glass, or mosaic tiles are used in kitchens and bathrooms for water resistance.
Durability
Durability defines tile longevity under mechanical load and foot traffic. According to PEI ratings, Class 3 tiles suit medium-traffic areas, while Class 4–5 tiles are required for high-traffic commercial and industrial floors.
Slip Resistance
Slip resistance ensures safety in wet or high-use zones. R9 tiles are suitable for dry interiors, while R11+ tiles are used in bathrooms, pool areas, and outdoor decks to prevent accidents.
Maintenance Needs
Maintenance requirements influence long-term performance. Porcelain and nano-coated tiles are low-maintenance, while marble, limestone, and terracotta require frequent sealing.
Budget
Budget controls the choice between economy, mid-range, or premium tiles. Ceramic tiles typically range between £10–15/m², porcelain between £20–35/m², while natural stone and encaustic tiles cost above £40/m².
Style Preference
Style determines the visual outcome of interiors and exteriors. Wood-effect tiles bring warmth, marble-effect tiles express luxury, mosaics and patterned tiles create decorative highlights, and neutral plain tiles achieve minimalist designs.
Shop Every Type of Tile at Tile Mountain
At Tile Mountain UK, every tile type is available in one place. Whether you are searching for porcelain, ceramic, vitrified, natural stone, glass, or recycled material tiles, you will find best options by size, shape, finish, texture, durability, slip resistance, sustainability, style, pattern, colour tone, and even by specific applications such as bathrooms, kitchens, outdoor spaces, swimming pools, or commercial projects. Our collection also includes modular, interlocking, and click-lock systems, along with graded quality levels and certified tiles that meet European and international standards. From handmade artisan designs to machine-made formats, from calming and natural tones to bold statement pieces, we provide tiles that suit every era, cultural style, and design vision. With transparent pricing, expert advice, and fast delivery, Tile Mountain helps you choose the right tiles with confidence and ensures lasting performance for every project. Explore the complete range today and discover why Tile Mountain is trusted for quality, variety, and value.
Conclusion
Tiles are multidimensional building materials that are classified by more than 45 categories including material, size, thickness, edge, finish, color, pattern, sustainability, safety, climate suitability, porosity, water absorption, abrasion resistance, certifications, modularity, installation method, cultural influence, and psychological effect. This wide classification system ensures that every project, whether residential, commercial, or industrial, finds a suitable tile type that balances performance, aesthetics, and cost.
The right tile is chosen when location, function, durability, maintenance needs, and budget are evaluated together. For example, porcelain tiles provide strength and low water absorption for high-traffic floors, glass tiles bring hygienic and reflective qualities for bathrooms, terracotta tiles create warmth for traditional interiors, and interlocking tiles offer mobility for temporary setups.
Sustainability and safety have become central decision factors. Recycled material tiles, low-VOC coatings, slip-resistant finishes, and frost-resistant porcelain align with modern climate and environmental demands. Certification systems like ISO, ASTM, and BIS further guarantee quality and compliance.
Design value is equally important. Tiles influence psychological response and interior mood through tone, texture, and layout. Calming matte blues, luxurious polished marble looks, bold geometric patterns, or natural terracotta shades demonstrate how tiles define atmosphere beyond surface function.
Long-term performance depends on proper installation, grading, and maintenance. Correct grout style, edge selection, and placement orientation determine durability and safety, while cleaning requirements vary by coating and finish. Considering abrasion ratings, water absorption, and load-bearing capacity ensures structural reliability over decades.
In summary, tiles are not a single product but a structured system of materials, finishes, and technologies. Choosing the right type requires a clear understanding of location, climate, safety standards, sustainability goals, design style, and budget priorities. This integrated approach guarantees lasting performance, functional efficiency, and aesthetic value.
Here at Tile Mountain, we not only have a huge range of tiles to suit every purpose, we also have a wealth of tiling knowledge gained from over 30 years in the tile industry, (which we’ll do or best to share with you across these very pages).
Whether you’re looking for the perfect tiles for your next home improvement project, are searching for some style inspiration, or simply need a bit of help and advice, you’re in the right place.
